The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) 北斗衛星導航系統
大陸花20年發展「北斗」,只因吃了美國悶虧
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The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) 北斗衛星導航系統 is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system that is currently under construction.
The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System 北斗衛星導航試驗系統 and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites and offers limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services, mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions, since 2000.
The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites, and is under construction as of January 2015. It became operational in China in December 2011, with 10 satellites in use,[2] and began offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. It is planned to begin serving global customers upon its completion in 2020.
In-mid 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) in the global coverage constellation. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched 30 September 2015. As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched.
According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp. (Source: Wikipedia)
北斗衛星導航系統（BDS）是中華人民共和國正在實施的自主發展、獨立運行的全球衛星導航系統，致力於向全球用戶提供定位、導航、授時服務。中國在2003年完成了具有區域導航功能的北斗衛星導航試驗系統，之後開始構建服務全球的北斗衛星導航系統，於2012年起向亞太大部分地區正式提供服務，併計劃至2020年完成全球系統的構建。
北斗衛星導航系統、美國全球定位系統（GPS）、俄羅斯全球道航衛星系統（GLONASS）和歐盟伽利略定位系統（Galileo）為聯合國衛星導航委員會認定的全球衛星導航系統四大核心供應商。
正式的北斗衛星導航系統也被稱為北斗二號，是中國的第二代衛星導航系統，英文簡稱BDS，曾用名COMPASS，“北斗衛星導航系統”一詞一般用來特指第二代系統。此衛星導航系統的發展目標是對全球提供無源定位，與全球定位系統相似。在計劃中，整個系統將由35顆衛星組成，其中5顆是靜止軌道衛星，以與使用靜止軌道衛星的北斗衛星導航試驗系統兼容。其總設計師為孫家棟。
北斗從其試驗系統開始就有其軍事目的，其正式系統也是一個軍民兩用的系統。項目的主要參與者為中國人民解放軍總參謀部、總裝備部、國家國防科技工業局、中國科學院、中國航天科技集團公司、中國電子科技集團公司、國防科技大學。截至2012年，中國為試驗系統和覆蓋亞太的正式系統共花費了數百億人民幣，為了實現覆蓋全球的目標，還將投入四五百億以上。
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